Concentration Camps

Concentration camps were constructed for mass killings. Digging deeper into the methods of murder they apply, at that places more to it than bollocks up chambers, star ad valorem taxion, and everyplacework. The medical experiments were a major factor in the massive death toll in the closeness camps. Today doctors strive to keep people healthy and alive.For Nazi doctors Joseph Mengele, Karl Clauberg, and Sigmund Rascherat, the ones responsible for countless deaths, that was non their number one priority. Nazi doctors in the concentration camps conducted inhumane experiments such as examining duplicate, sterilization of men and women, and the freeze of people.When prisoners arrived at the camps, they probably expected the worst. For the tally however, life in the camps wasnt as bad as it couldve been. jibe were allowed to keep their tomentum cerebri and sometimes their clothes (Remember.org, 4). Being a twin gave them a better materialize of surviving (Lifton, 351). Even t hough the experiments were cruel and barbarous, they offered an escape from the harsh camp (Lifton, 354).Twins lived in supererogatory buildings, such as the medical blocks. Unlike normal prisoners, twins were able to move freely passim camp. Within the blocks, the father of a set of twins would be assigned block chief (Lifton, 348). spic-and-span-made female twins were lucky in a panache since their mother was allowed to stay with them.The reasoning loafer this is, Joseph Mengele, the mad man behind these experiments, wanted them in stable mental and physical condition (Lifton, 349). No matter how healthy they were, nothing could prepare the twins for what was to come. The Nazis thought that twins were the key to discovering a elan to quickly increase the German race.Doctors hoped to uncover the secret to multiple births (Pbs.org, 3). In order to conduct experiments, Mengele required twins. He exploited easy access to twins at Auschwitz and was a fanatical figure in the se lection (Lifton, 348). In 1944, 250 individual twins arrived in Birkenau (Lifton, 349).The selection process began with Mengele shouting, Zwillinge heraus, which means twins in German. Once rounded up, they were each given a number sequence on their arm (Lifton, 348). identical twins were the ones Mengele wished for the most, as they were his most treasured inquiry objects (Lifton, 349).Although the experiments sound like Nazis tourtering prisoners without any medical knowledge, there was a method to the madness. Mengeles method was based off of scientific training, Nazi ideology, and the peculiarities at Auschwitzs setting (Lifton, 347). When twins were examined, they were examined together and naked (Lifton, 349-350). Measurements of all(prenominal) post of their body were taken (Remember,org, 4). individually session, ten cubic centimeters of squanderer were drawn and during the first examinations the family history of the twins was taken (Lifton, 350). Today we can look at an genuine experiment performed on a set of identical Hungarian twins. Selection began in 1943 when three sets of twins arrived at Auschwitz.Dr. Mengele saw the Hungarian set and as wellk them (Remember.org, 4). They were 18 year old men and described as actually handsome and athletic. Examination began right away with their heads, which took several days. Next photographs were taken to show hair growth. The most dangerous thing done to them while they were alive was being ventilated with gas.They coughed so severely, restraints were needed to hold them d stimulate. After the gas, they were placed into hot water up until the point of passing out and because all their hair was removed more photographs were taken. The Hungarian twins were killed the same way as every other set that made it to the end of the experiments.A syringe of chloroform was injected into their hearts. Mengele was very careful to work up sure the twins died at the exact same time. Once no longer alive, they w ere dissected and their variety meat were sent to the Institute of Biological Racial and Evolutionary Research Berlin (Remember. Org, 4). Dissection of the corpses was the last part of Mengeles twin research (Lifton, 350). These experiments were drastic. Of the 1,000 pairs experimented on, only 200 pairs survived (Pbs.org, 3).Sadly, this was not the end of cruel Nazi medical experiments sterilization of prisoners was also very important to the Germans. Sterilization surgery to make a person unable to produce offspring. The main tendency of sterilization was to discover a rapid, inexpensive, and unobtrusive method to wipe out Russians, Poles, Jews, and other races (Berenbaum, 347).Nazis hoped to sterilize millions with token(prenominal) time and effort (Pbs.org, 5). Even though a method already existed, surgical sterilization, doctors thought it was too slow and expensive. These experiments occurred in camps such as Auschwitz and Ravensbruck (Berenbaum, 247). There were mainly tw o doctors known for sterilization, Gebhardt and Clauberg. Gebhardt worked at Ravensbruck by the surgical method.The method Clauberg used was by an injection. Dr. Karl Clauberg conducted it on a large scale (Berenbaum, 348). He was the main man for sterilization (Lifton, 271). Although the doctors knew how they wanted to sterilize, a formula had to be developed. Since Dr. Clauberg was the head of these experiments, he developed his own formula, but he was very secretive about the substances he used.Researchers today assume he used formalin and novocain (Lifton, 271-272). Formalin is a clear watery solution of methanol used as a preservative. Novocain, also known as procaine, is a local anesthetic drug used as a sodium channel blocker. This impairs the conduction of sodium ions.This injection was done in three stages over a few months. Unfortunately, Clauberg used over 300 women over the course of his work (Lifton, 272). Not on the button women had to face the horrors of Dr. Clauberg , thousands of male Jews and Gypsies were sterilise at Auschwitz by injection. Later on, doctors discovered a brand new method, x rays.This way was effective, but castration would result. There were also dangers to other parts of the body if not covered by lead (Berenbaum, 348). Even though the Nazi doctors main goal was to sterilize, other issues occured. Thousands who were sterilized suffered excruciating mental and physical pain (Pbs.org, 5).Fever also overtook many victims. Some prisoners were very repelling but many feared what would happen if they were. Prisoners who resisted were sent to the gas chamber at Birkenau (Lifton, 272). Knowing each day what would be done to them by Clauberg caused them to be overcome with fear and anxiety (Lifton, 273).Of course sterilization was extremely painful and killed many people, but the freezing experiments were the most painful experiments the Nazis conducted. A problem Germany had during World warfare II was when their pilots in plane s had to eject into the ocean, they would die from hypothermia. Nazis number one goal was to discover a way to treat frozen German pilots (Pbs.org, 2).These experiments were designed to simulate conditions on the eastern front and were conducted for the Nazi broad(prenominal) command. Some camps had the perfect weather conditions Birkenau, Dachau, and Auschwitz (Remember.org, 2). Two methods used were an gelid vat of water and using the sub-zero temperatures outside.Each experiment was divided into two parts. The first part, Sigmund established how long it took for body temperature to lower to death. During the second part he tried to find the best way to revive the frozen person. Through tests, Sigmund figured the flash-frozen vat method was the quickest way to drop body temperature (Remember.org, 2).Before the prisoners were placed in the icy vat, they were either given an aviator suit or wore nothing at all. They were each in the vat for up to five hours at a time. Once their body temperature fell to 79.7 degrees fahrenheit, Sigmund would throw hot dormancy bags or use scalding baths to rewarm them (Pbs.org).The second method was conducted outdoors. Dr. Sigmund strapped prisoners to a stretcher and placed them outside. Auschwitz was one of the most precedent places for experiments outside because of the extreme winters. Eventually later on suffering in the cold for hours, most victims lost cognisance and died once their body temperature dropped (Remember.org, 2).Throughout the whole experiment, Dr. Sigmund was constantly measuring the changes in heart rate, body temperature, and muscles flexes (Pbs.org, 2). Although not many survived, there is a documented experiment done on two men. These men were twain from Russia and once at the camp they were both sent to the icy vat.A long time later being submerged in the vat, neither of the men were losing consciousness. Realizing not much was happening, Dr. Sigmund lowered the temperature. Shortly after this , both of them passed away. Everyone apart of this experiment were shocked at how long they lasted (Remember.org, 2).All in all, 80 to atomic number 6 people died due to these freezing experiments conducted in icy vats or in sub-zero temperatures (Pbs.org).Nazi doctors were ruthless and wouldve done anything for the touch on of science. No matter how many people they killed, they were determined to get rid of the Jews, Gypsies, and other races.Even examining wad of twins, attempting to sterilize millions of men and women, and pushing the human body to as cold as it could go. These medical experiments caused hundreds of deaths and gives the form of address doctor a dark background.